路婵^1，， 邓启红^{1，2，3，*}

（  1、中南大学能源科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；       2、中南大学公共卫生学院，长沙 410083；       3、中南大学环境健康研究所，长沙 410083；  ）

摘要： 研究室内与室外环境因素在孕前、孕期、出生后三个时期暴露对2598名中国儿童过敏性疾病和症状的影响。通过国际标准问卷调查，收集儿童过敏性疾病累积发病率以及最近一年过敏症状、室内新家具、装修、霉菌、潮湿等环境因素信息。采用环境空气质量监测站三种主要污染物（PM10、SO2、NO2）日均浓度数据，计算污染物个人暴露浓度。采用多元逻辑回归模型，研究室外空气污染物与室内环境因素对过敏性疾病（哮喘、鼻炎、湿疹）和症状（喘息、夜间干咳、类似鼻炎症状）的影响。研究发现孕前、孕期、出生后室外工业和交通空气污染暴露能够显著增加儿童哮喘患病风险，并与鼻炎、湿疹相关。出生后新家具与湿疹和鼻炎相关，孕期装修则与哮喘和湿疹相关。孕期和出生后霉菌/潮湿分别与湿疹和哮喘显著相关，而孕期和出生后窗户凝结水汽与三种过敏性疾病均显著相关。然而，过敏症状只与室内环境因素相关。结果表明，室外空气污染和室内环境因素暴露与儿童过敏性疾病和症状之间相关性不同，受不同时期暴露影响。
关键词： 儿童过敏症；早期暴露；空气污染；装修、室内过敏原

LU Chan， DENG Qihong^*

（  School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083；  ）

Abstract： We investigated association between exposure to some predominant outdoor and indoor environmental factors during preconceptional, prenatal, and postnatal periods and allergic diseases/ symptoms in 2598 children in China. Children's lifetime incidence of allergic diseases and current prevalence of allergic symptoms and exposure to indoor new furniture/redecoration and mold/dampness was surveyed by a questionnaire. Exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM10, SO2, and NO2) was estimated by the concentrations measured at air quality monitoring stations. Multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between outdoor air pollutants and indoor environmental factors and allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) and symptoms (wheezing, night cough, and rhinitis-like). We found that preconceptional, prenatal, and postnatal exposure to outdoor industrial and traffic air pollutants were significantly associated with increase in the risk of childhood asthma, and also positively associated with allergic rhinitis and eczema. New furniture was associated with eczema and allergic rhinitis during postnatal exposure, but redecoration associated with asthma and eczema during prenatal exposure. Indoor visible mold/damp stains was significant for eczema during prenatal exposure and asthma during postnatal exposure respectively, but window condensation was significant for all childhood allergic diseases during both prenatal and postnatal exposures. Allergic symptoms in children were found to be associated with exposure to indoor factors only. Associations between outdoor air pollutants and indoor environmental factors and childhood allergic diseases/symptoms were divergent and related to the timing of exposure.
Keywords： Childhood allergies; early-life exposure; air pollutants; renovation; indoor allergens

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